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PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) and CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) are two major thin-film coating technologies. PVD vaporizes materials through physical means (e.g., heating or sputtering), resulting in strong adhesion but slower deposition rates. CVD forms coatings via chemical reactions, off
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PVD and CVD are the most commonly used surface treatment methods for tools and moulds, CVD is based on chemical vapour deposition and PVD is based on physical vapour deposition, as they differ in principle, the final coating results are different and each has its own focus in application.
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PVD stands for Physical Vapour Deposition. PVD coating refers to a thin film deposition technique whereby solid materials are sputtered or evaporated in a vacuum environment and deposited as pure materials or alloy components to form a coating on a substrate.
Views: 32 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-05-27 Origin: Site
PVD processes can generally be divided into three types, namely vacuum vapour deposition, sputter coating and ion plating. Vacuum vapour deposition is a process where the vapour deposited material is heated in a vacuum environment to obtain vapour and then the evaporated material is deposited on the target substrate. The principle of sputter coating is to use the film-forming material as a target and as a cathode, while using the target substrate as an anode, and applying a high voltage in argon gas to cause the ionised argon gas to impact with the cathode, and the impacted target material molecules or atoms to accumulate on the substrate to form a thin film. Ion plating is a technique that increases the deposition kinetic energy of film material ions by highly ionising the film-forming material to form film material ions, which are deposited in a highly chemically active state.
1. Technical barriers
PVD coating materials have typical technology-intensive industry characteristics, requiring manufacturers in the industry to have strong technical research and development strength and advanced production processes, with perfect quality control capabilities.
As one of the key raw materials in the upstream of flat panel display, semiconductor, solar cell and optical component industries, PVD coating materials are inseparable from the technological development and upgrading of the whole downstream industry, so PVD coating material manufacturers often need to invest large human, material and financial resources in technological research and development to promote the technological innovation of the whole industry, and at the same time meet the increasingly personalized customer needs and the constantly changing and upgrading market. This is why PVD coating material manufacturers often need to invest large amounts of manpower and capital in technological research and development in order to drive technological innovation throughout the industry, while meeting increasingly individual customer needs and the ever-changing market.
In addition, PVD coating materials involve the deep processing of a variety of non-ferrous metals and rare earth materials, which makes the technology and production process more difficult, and the downstream applications have extremely strict requirements on the ratio, purity and microstructure of PVD coating materials.
2. Financial barriers
The PVD coating materials industry is also a capital-intensive industry. The industry needs to invest a large amount of money in the construction of large plants, the purchase of large precision processing equipment and supporting auxiliary equipment, etc. At the same time, in order to ensure the reliability of product quality, it is often necessary to support high-end testing equipment. All of these require a large amount of capital investment, making the industry's capital entry threshold high.
3. Talent barrier
PVD coating materials involve knowledge from many disciplines such as materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering, and the development and production of its products require highly qualified senior technical personnel with compound expertise and the courage to innovate. A qualified technician also needs to be trained over a long period of time within the company and to undergo specific production practices, while a mature team of professionals in multiple fields needs to be honed over a long period of time in practice. For potential new entrants, the talent bottleneck will largely restrict their survival and development.
4. Brand barriers
There are brand access barriers in the PVD coating materials industry. As PVD coating materials have an important impact on the performance and stability of downstream customers' products, customers have high requirements for the quality of PVD coating materials, which generally require very strict product certification and only trust brand manufacturers with excellent product quality, many years of successful mass production and deep seniority. For new entrants, it is difficult to establish a good brand in the market and open up the market quickly in a short period of time.
